Plato’s Republic Three Parts of the Soul Essay

In his book The Republic, Plato searches for justice within the individual and what makes a person just. By comparing his sense of what is just at a political level and what is just at a psychological level he proposes three virtues of the individual which will make that particular person just. The virtues are of wisdom, courage and moderation. A just man won’t differ at all from a just city in respect to the form of justice; rather he’ll be like the city (Republic 435b). Once Plato has found justice within the city he seeks to transfer it back into the human soul. Plato talks about the ability of a person to be indecisive about actions such as drinking when something in their soul forbids them to do so even if they desire it. This indecisiveness can be transformed into internal conflict between more than one part of the soul. One part of the soul is the rational part and the part that lusts, hungers, thirsts and gets excited is the appetitive part (439d). Plato then identifies a third part of the soul, the spirited part, which is used to create emotions. Appetite is a really big part of our souls. It contains both necessary desires, which should be indulged (such as the desire to eat enough to stay alive) and unnecessary desires, which should be limited (such as the desire to eat your entire birthday cake). Though the appetite lusts after many things, Plato says it’s money-loving, since money is required for satisfying most of these desires. It is therefore obvious to Plato that the rational part of the soul should rule, as the rulers in the city do, because they both display the virtue of wisdom and can therefore exercise foresight on behalf of the entire soul. 441e) Similarly, just as the guardians assist the rulers in maintaining justice within the city, the spirited part of the soul will use emotions in order to maintain order and harmony within the soul which is justice. These two parts of the soul will be able to control its appetitive part, which may, through its insatiable desire for money, attempt to overthrow its particular role and rule over the body and even tually the classes that it is not naturally suited to rule over (442a). Consequently, justice in the individual and justice in the city would be overturned leading to chaos and war. The rulers and guardians exist in order to control and direct the producers who are the majority of the population, as the rational and spirited parts of the soul rule the desires of the individual. Therefore a just person would be one with a spirited part of the soul that would persevere through pleasures and pains in order to carry out the rational part’s intentions on what should be feared and what should not (442b). This ability is identifiable as the virtue of courage, which is evident in the guardians. Moreover, this pattern of parallel virtues between the city and the soul continues as a person’s reason is most able to make decisions about what is advantageous for each part and for the whole soul when he/she has the knowledge associated with wisdom. As a result the desires should be kept in a state of moderation by the rational part of the soul so that the ruler and the ruled both agree that the rational part should rule and not engage in civil war (442c). In conclusion, justice in the individual is similar to justice within the city where a person puts himself in order, is his own friend, and harmonizes the three parts of himself like three limiting notes in a musical scale (443d). In the city, justice is obtained by the three parts of society each fulfilling their role as best they can, and displaying the same three virtues of wisdom, courage and moderation. This leads to a harmony between the parts, the best possible combination, which is described as justice by Plato both within the city and within the soul. This should be obvious as; after all, a city is made up of many individuals. The harmonious or rightly ordered soul, then, is one which practices the virtues of each part. The virtue of the appetites is moderation; the virtue of the spirit is courage; the virtue of the intellect is wisdom. Through these virtues the human soul attains a certain concord or integrity, which Plato understood as the only real happiness worthy of the name. The overall purpose of the Republic is for Plato to understand what makes people happy. He discovers this through the process of dividing the soul up and seeing how they work together. Ultimately, if you live a just life you live a life of wisdom and your rational side comes first. If you live an unjust life you live your life by honor, victory, or money. Most men and women living unjust lives have a one-track mind. They forget their other priorities and doing what’s right just so they get what they want. Just people always beat and unjust person and live a happier and fuller life. His separation of the soul is very simplistic altogether. However, his individual ideas were very complex. Plato wanted us to to think for ourselves to discover how we decide to arrange our parts of the soul.

Baseline Magazine Website Review

Change is the only constant in our new reality. That’s why any IT professional should continuously update his information and continuously learn to have an idea about new concepts, researches and tools to be able to compete among other professionals. This is what the baseline magazine web site provides for IT professionals in generals and IT leaders and executives in specific.This paper aims at reviewing the baseline magazine website by giving a summary description of its structure and purpose, its overall ‘look and feel’ and adequate audience, useful links and interesting things about the site, and finally it gives a bottom-line evaluation of its value. Summary description of its structure and purpose Baseline magazine website enables IT professional in general and technology executives in specific to have an idea about the recent news and updates in the IT field in all forms whether written articles or videos and podcasts.The magazine -itself- has many sections such as: features, topline, jobsite, baseline 500, techknow, workbook, opinion. While the content of the site is separated into main sections which are: compliance, intelligence, news, IT management, projects, and mid market. Other forms are provided such as podcasts, videos, and slideshows which support and enrich the content. The site provides many added values from other sites within the Ziff Davis network.Within the home page, there are other valuable links such as: most read stories, baseline in depth, blogs/opinions, upcoming eseminars, especially top IT resources, most read white papers and research. Links at the bottom of the site enrich the site with adding more features to the magazine’s content such as careers, esiminars, Developer shed.. etc. of course, the site also provides a lot of sponsored content, obviously, to support the magazine. Its overall ‘look and feel’ and apparent target audience Concerning the magazine pages on the site, the design of the site is elegant and professional but unfortunately still traditional.In another word, the user will feel like it is an online entry for the printed magazine. The main focus of the magazine is on technology leaders and executives and this is what mentioned in the registration welcome message and what is reflected by the level of the content. But it is clear that the website could practically benefit any IT professional in general. What you find useful about this site The main advantage is that baseline magazine belongs to the Ziff Davis Enterprise network so the benefits are not only obtained from the content of the magazine. Stories in general really hit the bottom line of IT management and decision making.And the first thing the user notices is that news and stories are edited or filtered and this is an advantage compared with other sites. The mix of written and multimedia content is interesting and doesn’t make the navigation of the site boring at all. Not to mention th e wealth acquired from the integration of all Ziff Davis network sites. Available blogs’ entries are rich and classified into main sub entries. Other interesting thing is that users can subscribe to the newsletter -which gives updates about all different issues belong to the Ziff Davis network- with one subscription form.Links there that you either did or intend to follow up I liked the ‘projects’ page because it is categorized projects into main thirty-two projects sub categories in main topics in IT (Enterprise planning, SOA, outsourcing†¦) and this way it makes it easy for users to track certain projects concerning certain topics. Once I tried to check the research link for example, the first link was titled â€Å"how Google works† where I found all related articles that answer the question â€Å"how Google works†, so I guess this is an added value for any IT professional. That’s why I intend to follow the whitepapers and researches u p.The career link -in my opinion- deserves to be followed up in the future. Also, online videos, e-seminars and podcasts are real added value that enriches the written content. Above all of those links, I really liked the ‘Developer Shed’ mini site and I do intend to follow this link up in the future; especially, the ‘Tutorialized’ section. Any other things about the site that you find interesting I found that the idea of providing a free service offering such as an online magazine is interesting when it is used effectively to attract advertisers in IT domain to bring a business value.I think the heavy advertising on the site prove that they are succeeding in this. Bottom-line evaluation of its value to you In brief, the site is a valuable resource for IT professionals in general and professional who has something to do with decision making -like leaders and executives- in specific. The power of the site comes from the integration of all sites of Ziff Davis network which enables users to get the information and knowledge he seeks in all form whether written articles, researches and white papers, or multimedia content like videos, podcasts, and esiminars.However, I guess they didn’t get the maximum benefit from their service yet. The site should make an effective integration and evolution to replace the old business model which provides what the company has with the new business model which focuses on the customer. Each entry is separated and this makes confusion to the user because the user expects to see services which focus on his needs not a website that provides only what is available.

African American Press Essay Example for Free (#2)

African American Press Essay ? ?â€Å"We wish to plead our own cause. Too long have others spoken for us. Too long has the public been deceived by misrepresentation of things which concerns us dearly,† written on the front page of the first African-American owned newspaper, Freedom’s Journal. Freedom’s Journal was published on March 16, 1827 by a group of free African-American men in New York City. Freedom’s Journal was published the same year slavery was abolished in New York and was used to counter racist commentary published in the mainstream press. Cornish and John B. Russwurm served, respectively, as its senior and junior editors where they worked together to publish four-page, four-column weekly newspapers. Though The Freedom’s Journal was not the first African-American paper published, it was the first Africa-American owned newspaper. Freedom’s Journal consisted of news on current events, anecdotes, editorials and used to address contemporary issues such as denouncing slavery, advocating for black people’s political rights, the right to vote, and speaking out about lynching. Cornish and Russwurm desire were to give African-Americans the freedom to voice their thoughts, ideas and opinions. They sought to improve conditions for more than 300,000 newly freed men and women living in the North. They fulfilled this desire, by employing 14 to 44 agents each year to collect subscriptions. Each agent was paid $3 a year for their work. To encourage black achievements Freedom’s Journal featured biographies of celebrated black figures and continued to promote better living conditions by printing schools that were open to blacks, job offering and housing listings. Freedom’s Journal, eventually, circulated 11 states, the District of Columbia, Haiti, Europe and Canada before ceasing publications in 1829. During that time, Russwurm became the sole editor of Freedom’s Journal, after Cornish resigned in 1827. Russwurm began to promote the Colonization Movement which was frowned upon by majority of the newspaper’s readers. The Colonization Movement was a movement that was conceived by members of the American Colonization Colony where they began repatriating free African-Americans back to Africa. When the Freedom’s Journal shifted in complete support of colonization, it lost most of its readers and in March 1829 Freedom’s Journal ceased publication. Even though Freedom’s Journal existed for two years, its two years of existence helped spawn other papers. Since then, African American press has evolved and has substantially increased in the population over the years. After Freedom’s Journal, African-Americans had begun establishing and owning newspapers. It began May 1829, when Cornish attempted to revive the Freedom’s Journal under the name The Rights of All, however, the publication was not successful and failed after a year. David Walker, hired as an agent for Freedom’s Journal, became a well known, anti-slavery writer which was inspired by his experience with Freedom’s Journal. In 1830, Walker’s published his most famous publication known as Appeal which called for slaves to rebel against their masters, â€Å"†¦they want us for their slaves, and think nothing of murdering us†¦therefore, if there is an attempt made by us, kill or be killed†¦and believe this, that it is no more harm for you to kill a man who is trying to kill you, than it is for you to take a drink of water when thirsty,† (Walker). Another attempt at publication, Samuel Cornish, along with, Philip Bell, and Charles Bennett Ray launched The Weekly Advocate, January 1837. Later, the men changed the name to The Colored American March 4, 1837. The Colored American main purpose was to strengthen the moral, social, and political elevation of colored people as well as emancipation of slaves. The Colored American became well-known in the North because of the wide spread support of abolitionists, African-American churches and local abolition societies, and Caucasian allies. The Colored American published 38 articles, becoming an important paper of its time. The last edition of The Colored American was published on Christmas day in 1841. Other early African American newspapers include the Provincial Freeman, published in 1854, which was the first African-American owned newspapers to be published in Chatham, Ontario, Canada. The North Star was an anti-slavery newspaper published in 1847 by Frederick Douglas. He later agreed to merge it with the publication Liberty Party Paper with Gerrit Smith creating the Frederick Douglass’ Paper, in Rochester, New York. The National Era was published in Washington, D. C. in 1847 by the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society. The Liberator was probably the best-known publication during the era, published by William Lloyd Garrison in Boston between 1831 and 1865. Other anti-slavery newspapers of note include the Friend of Man, published weekly for the New York State Anti-Slavery Society from 1836 through 1842. The Emancipator, originally known as Genius of Universal Emancipation, was one of the first anti-slavery newspapers published in the United States by Benjamin Lundy in 1819 and National. Anti-Slavery Standard established in 1840. All of these newspapers advocated for the abolition of slavery and for the civil rights of all African Americans. By the start of Civil War, more than 40 black-owned and operated papers had been established throughout the United States. After the end of the Civil War, more than 100 newspapers were beginning to publish. Many of the major African-American owned publications include, Baltimore Afro-American, also known as The Afro, was founded by a former slave, John H. Murphy, SR. , in 1892. Today, The Afro is the longest-running African-American, family-owned newspaper in the United States. The Chicago Defender was founded by Robert Sengstacke. Abbott on May 5, 1905. The Chicago Defender included writing pieces from the well-known Langston Hughes, Gwendolyn Brooks and Willard Motley. The Pittsburgh Courier an African-American newspaper published in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1910. The Pittsburgh Courier became the most widely circulated newspaper in America for African-Americans. During its peak, the Pittsburgh Courier circulated around 450,000 publications, with more than 400 employees in 14 cities. The Pittsburgh Courier discussed major issues impacting African-American communities. It campaigned against segregation and poverty, and promoted the social advancement of blacks. In the 1930s, the Pittsburgh Courier urged Black voters to vote Democrat, creating a political alliance that still exist to this day. Other publications includes, The Philadelphia Tribune (1912-2001), Atlanta Daily World (1931–2003), Cleveland Call & Post (1934-1991), Los Angeles Sentinel (1934–2005), New York Amsterdam News (1922–1993), and Norfolk Journal and Guide (1921-2003). With African-American newspaper publication on the rise, organizations to help promote the publication began to form to support African-American journalist. In 1940, Robert Sengstacke Abbott, founder of Chicago Defender, along with other African-American publishers, organized the National Negro Publishers Association. The members of the National Negro Publishers Association worked together, â€Å"harmonizing our energies in a common purpose for the benefit of Negro journalism†, (Sengstacke). Today, the National Negro Publishers Associations is composed of more than 200 black newspapers in the United States and the Virgin Islands. In 1975 in Washington D. C. , 44 African-American journalists founded the National Association of Black Journalists. The National Association of Black Journalist’ purpose was to provide quality programs and services to and advocate on behalf of black journalists. These organizations are still going strong today and have contributed greatly to the African American population. Today, there isn’t a firm count of how many African American newspapers circulating the United States, however, according to Allied Media Corporation, an ethnic marketing firm, they have listed 250 newspapers in circulation. The National Newspaper Publishers Association, better known as the Black Press of America, assist in the publication of African-American owned newspapers, counts more than 200 black-owned newspapers as its membership. As you can see, since the Freedom’s Journal, the number of newspaper publications has increased. It began with the main purpose being that Africa-Americans would stick together to fight the constant oppression they were under. Now that we don’t see African-American oppression, as we did then, publications has different focal points. Many of the newspapers provide news and insight on African-American culture, including a variety of perspectives from leaders, celebrities, trendsetters and great minds from the African-American community. The Freedom’s Journal created a new stepping stone for the African-American population. It provided the platform for issues and concerns pursuant to ensuring our rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and to preserve a legacy of black conservatism for generations to come. References 2, M. A. (n. d. ). Early African American and Anti-Slavery Newspapers | Marjory Allen Perez. Genealogy & Family History | Search Family Trees & Vital Records . Retrieved August 1, 2013, from http://www. archives. com/experts/perez-marjory/early-african-american-and-anti-slavery-newspapers. html Black Newspapers Listing | The Network Journal. (n. d. ). Black Business | Black News, Career Ideas for Black Professionals. Retrieved August 1, 2013, from http://www. tnj. com/lists-resources/black-newspapers-listing David Walker, 1785-1830. Walker’s Appeal, in Four Articles; Together with a Preamble, to the Coloured Citizens of the World, but in Particular, and Very Expressly. African American Press. (2016, Dec 21).

International Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

International Law - Essay Example To this end, some commentators have challenged the efficacy of international law as a result of competing political interests at international level, arguing that customary law has effectively been replaced by national concerns in inter-state relations3. Directly correlated to this is the concept of â€Å"state† and â€Å"inter-state relations†, which in terms of individual human rights protections at international level has become a central issue particularly in context of rapid globalisation4. On this basis, Benevenisti and Hirsch comment that the â€Å"result is that, nowadays, people in different states are more significantly affected by activities that take place in other states†5. Moreover, the globalisation of world politics not only blurs the concept of state and the individual, it is evident that the end of the Cold War and the events of 9/11 have provided a catalyst for unprecedented challenges to the international order and national security policy. In turn this has fuelled debate as to whether the attitudes and interests of the world’s different geo-political groupings of states are too diverse to allow the proper functioning of international law. The focus of this paper is to critically evaluate this debate and in analysing the issue, this paper will highlight that the dichotomy between enforcement of international law and the primacy of national interests and contextually consider the recent failure of the conference on Climate Change in Copenhagen 2009. If we firstly consider the Copenhagen summit, the summit was held as being fundamental to securing a legally binding agreement between nations to reduce carbon emissions with a view to limiting global warming6. However, ultimately the United Nations Conference on Climate Change was a resounding failure as no concrete agreements were made and no commitments were provided that could be

La-Z-Boy Incorporated India and Philippines Subsidiaries Essay

La-Z-Boy Incorporated India and Philippines Subsidiaries - Essay Example The company’s economic outlook is expected to increase in FY2012. Globalization has made La-Z-Boy’s transition in India seamless. India’s sophisticated banking system attracts profitable organizations like La-Z-Boy towards India. La-Z-Boy has strengthened India’s economy by employing local workforce. La-Z-Boy’s business in India can be more beneficial with due assistance of the Association of Furniture Manufactures and Traders (AFMT). In order to escape risks while working in India, it is recommendable for La-Z-Boy to be well-aware of the various languages, business etiquettes, norms and religious values in India. Mumbai is the most suitable city for La-Z-Boy to establish business in India because of its cultural richness, population and good environment. USA and Philippines are trading partners and USA is a very strong financial provider of Philippines. Since Philippines resembles USA in culture, La-Z-Boy’s working style is consistent with t he indigenous culture of Philippines, though the organization may have to tackle the risk of investment in

Tesco - Warren Buffet Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tesco - Warren Buffet - Lab Report Example In an organization the culture plays a vital role and henceforth the report also aims to discuss about the organizational culture that exists in Tesco. Tesco is known for its variety of culture that it holds with it and is one of the best examples to talk about when it comes to organizational culture. Along with organizational culture the report talk about motivation and the types of motivational theory that is adopted by organization to motivate its employees. Motivation is high crucial and Tesco has been a leader in doing that. It motivates its employees to a very high extend which helps it to retain the employees for a long period of time. 1.0 Findings 2.1 Entrepreneur and Skills The term entrepreneur is derived from French word, â€Å"entreprendre† which means â€Å"to undertake.† The entrepreneur is one who undertakes to manage, organize as well as assume the risk of the business. In recent past the entrepreneurs have been doing more than the above mentioned task a nd hence the need to broaden the definition. In today’s world, the entrepreneur is an innovator, developer who seems to recognize and seize the opportunities and convert into workable or marketable ideas. They add value through their effort, time, money and skills and assume the risk of the competitors and implement the ideas and thereby realize the reward from the given efforts Kuratko & Hodgetts (2008:4). A generally accepted definition of entrepreneurship which was provided by Shane & Vnkataraman (1997) states, â€Å"A process that involves the discovery, evaluation, and exploitation of opportunities to introduce new products, services, processes, ways or organizing, or markets† Baum, Frese & Baron (2007:6) Profile about Warren Buffett Business man and investor Warren Buffett was born on 30 August, 1930 in Nebraska. He is an American business investor, philanthropist and magnate and is considered to be the most successful business man in the 20 century. Buffett is t he chairman, CEO and the primary shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway and has been consistently ranked as the wealthiest people in the world. In the year 2012, Time magazine had ranked Buffett to be the most influential person globally (Forbes 2013). Warren Buffett is an entrepreneur by occupation also known as â€Å"Oracle of Omaha† and regarded as investment guru (Bio 2013). Warren possessed the skill of investing money at the right place and at the right time. It is very much important for an entrepreneur to analyse the situations carefully and invest. Warren had invested in Tesco and has given a boost to the embattled chief executive of Tesco, Phil Clarke and thus increased his stake in the supermarket chain (Fletcher 2012). When the share price of Tesco fell in 2012, nearly after 20 years, Berkshire Hathaway took advantage of this and thus increased its stake to 5.08% (Fernon 2012). 2.2 Marketing and Marketing Mix Marketing can be defined as the process which is involved i n communicating the value of the product or services to the customers. Marketing encompasses integrating, merging and controlling supervision of organisations effort which have a bearing on sales (Reid & Bojanic 2009:8). Marketing mix constituted of 4Ps which are product, place, price and promotion and plays a vital role in setting up strategy for the organisation and is a key tool in marketing. Following is the marketing mix of Tesco, retailers which deals in grocery product and

Theoretical explanation of Environmental Biology Essay

Theoretical explanation of Environmental Biology - Essay Example We should also plant more trees each time we cut one for an essential usage. Biodiversity should be extremely high in our surrounding. When done with books of a lower level, we should donate them to libraries so as to avoid over exploitation of more trees being brought down for paper. Animals and plants, humans included, all rely on each other and the environment for survival. Some even share vital resources and when some of these resources become scarce, some end up migrating, changing feeding habits, dropping in population and even becoming extinct. There are predator-prey relationships, parasitism, mutualism and commensalism. A predator-prey relationship is whereby the predator relies on the prey as food while the prey relies on other preys like birds as an alert system in case of danger. In parasitism, a certain organism relies on another by living in or on it and feeding on it. The host is harmed while the parasite benefits. Mutualism is where everyone benefits through unintentional exploitation of each other. In commensalism, one organism benefits from another without affecting the other. Therefore, we should always use the gifts of the environment sparingly to avoid unnecessary ecological succession. Overconsumption of the earth’s resources has cont ributed to extreme ecological growth and consequent exhaustion of resources, environmental damage as well as declined ecological wellbeing.... s with all ranges of benefits such as vital goods such as timber and medicinal products, and essential services such as carbon cycling, clean water and pollination. Our daily bread, fish, meat, flowers, books and building timber materials are all gifts of nature. I think building from stone bricks and not timber will be a big step in saving our environment. We should also plant more trees each time we cut one for an essential usage. Biodiversity should be extremely high in our surrounding. When done with books of a lower level, we should donate them to libraries so as to avoid over exploitation of more trees being brought down for paper. Animals and plants, humans included, all rely on each other and the environment for survival. Some even share vital resources and when some of these resources become scarce, some end up migrating, changing feeding habits, dropping in population and even becoming extinct. There are predator-prey relationships, parasitism, mutualism and commensalism. A predator-prey relationship is whereby the predator relies on the prey as food while the prey relies on other preys like birds as an alert system in case of danger. In parasitism, a certain organism relies on another by living in or on it and feeding on it. The host is harmed while the parasite benefits. Mutualism is where everyone benefits through unintentional exploitation of each other. In commensalism, one organism benefits from another without affecting the other. Therefore, we should always use the gifts of the environment sparingly to avoid unnecessary ecological succession. Overconsumption of the earth’s resources has contributed to extreme ecological growth and consequent exhaustion of resources, environmental damage as well as declined ecological wellbeing. Ecological footprint,

Select 3 Decision Making Tools Studied in the Managing Decisions Essay

Select 3 Decision Making Tools Studied in the Managing Decisions Module and Evaluate their Advantages and Disadvantages - Essay Example Individuals as well as groups make decisions as a reaction to a problem in most cases. Robbins (1993) concurs with this assertion when he states that decision making takes place when there is a discrepancy between some current state of affairs and some desired state requiring consideration of alternative courses of action. Decision making is one of the primary responsibilities of all the employees given that they are somehow affected by the decisions made in the organisation. There are various tools or methods that can be implemented in carrying out the decision making process. Against this background, this report seeks to critically evaluate the approach of decision making through focusing on three methods that can be used in decision making and these include the following: project management, knowledge management as well as delegation management The report will outline the advantages and disadvantages of each decision making tool mentioned above and the third part will focus on how these methods can be combined in order to improve decision making in business. 1.1 Outline of the business opportunity Blue Tavern is an established bar but has recently experienced a decline in profits mainly as a result of lack of coordination among the employees which has resulted in some customers leaving without served. However, the management has underscored to implement a decision implement a new information system in a bid to turn around the fortunes of the company. As such, this report seeks to reflect on the benefits and limitations of the approach used in developing this business opportunity. As going to be shown in the following sections, a critique of the effectiveness of the decision making methods mentioned above will be carried. 2.0 Project management The term project is used to describe a set of linked activities which can be described as a onetime activity with a well defined set of desired results (Burke, 2007). A project is usually comprised of a definite start as well as finishing time and goes according to schedule. Project management plays a pivotal role in order for any project to be a success and it involves the following factors that often affect the full implementation of a project: scheduling, budgeting, communication and estimating. Essentially, the purpose of project management is to provide management with valid data upon which management decisions can be based (http://www.pim.com.pk/faq.htm). A holistic approach is required in order for a project as the one outlined above to be a success given that there are negative implications likely to be encountered during the course of implementing the project. Project management is often seen as a viable method of making decisions which often affect different projects. However, this method may have its shortcomings hence the following section is going to critically eva

Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 7

Contract Law - Essay Example in negligence against ASL for recovery of damages for injuries caused to her, because she is a consumer and ASL had the duty to perform the job with reasonable care and skill. Charles may also have grounds to refuse to pay ASL on the grounds that they have been guilty of misrepresentation. In the first scenario, ASL has performed its contract to supply the oven, but it has performed it late. The question that arises is whether ASL was negligent in failing to supply the oven in time. In Blyth v Birmingham Waterworks Co1 Alderson B defined negligence as â€Å"the omission to do something which a reasonable man† would do or â€Å"doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do.† In determining whether a business must assume liability, the Unfair Contract Terms of 1977 also states that the liability imposed must be â€Å"a fair and reasonable one to be included having regard to the circumstances which were, or ought reasonably to have been, known to or in the contemplation of the parties when the contract was made."2 Applying these definitions of negligence, it must be noted that ASL’s failure to deliver the oven on time was because of conditions that were not in their control; the weather was so bad that all roads leading to Alan’s restaurant were flooded. Secondly, at the time the contract was made between the parties, ASL would not have been in a position to know that the weather was likely to prevent deliveries; as a result the Courts may not consider it fair to impose liability in negligence on ASL for failing to deliver the oven in time. The standard of care required in performance of contract is the standard of the reasonable man.3 If a reasonable person would not foresee the harmful consequences of a particular action, then a failure to take precautions will not be held to be negligent. In the case of Hall v Brooklands Auto Racing Club4 it was held that the operators of the racing track could not be held liable for accidents that no

Persuasive speeches Essay Example for Free

Persuasive speeches Essay In order to begin this piece of work we looked at persuasive speeches in our lessons. These speeches were from famous people, such as Hitler and Tony Blair. However, my personal inspiration came from a speech from Diana Princess Of Wales, entitled, Women and children with aids. This acted as a style model for my final piece and gave me the basis for my ideas. As well as this it helped in my planning, as I could see which techniques were the most effective and how to craft the piece for maximum effect. My original idea was to write a persuasive speech about the very serious issue of poverty. However, I found it difficult to write a long enough speech to fit into the word count. I therefore changed my idea to writing a persuasive article and this is my final piece. The genre of this article is to persuade and it is written for an adult audience. The intention; to persuade, is brought across very well as many persuasive techniques are employed. Rhetorical questions, How will she live with no food? are used to make the reader reflect and ask themselves questions. Moreover, facts and figures, 9. 5 million , use of imperative, we must. , repetition, reference to expert studies and emotive language are used to persuade the reader further. The tone of the article is serious and reflective, however it is clear and to the point. This helps the purpose of the piece come across more clearly. The intended effect on the audience is reached as it stimulates the reader to reflect on themselves and other people, gently persuading the reader unconsciously. The structure of the article is clearly set out with a strong opening and ending. There is more descriptive language in the middle of the article as well as facts and figures used to back up statements. This makes the piece simple to read but effective at the same time. The lexis which is used is more challenging for the selected audience, acknowledge, desperation, judgemental. The lexis would be much more simple compared to an article for a child. The idea of helping the dark shadow of poverty fade and reaching the light at the end of the tunnel are used as figurative language features. This was also used as emotive language to stimulate the audience and their emotions. The successful aspects of this article include the lexis, which I have chosen to complement the genre, the shaping of the writing to the selected audience, as well as the purpose. The pictures help the graphology of the article to come across and shows the reader real life images, helping them to picture the situation and feelings of those in poverty. Moreover, the facts and figures are used to back up statements and provide the reader with realistic, additional information. This keeps the reader interested and aware that the truth is being told. The contrasts between facts and descriptive emotive language are also successful as it breaks up the information and does not over load the reader. The ways to improve the article are to use more imperatives, e. g. we must we can. This will help the audience become more involved and feel as though they can actually help. As well as this, more usage of metaphors, similes and other language features could be used to make the article more interesting. Personal opinions could be used to persuade the reader even more or more than one point of view could be adopted to give the reader freedom of choice.

Social Problem In Jakarta

Social Problem In Jakarta Nowadays in Jakarta, there are many problems that trouble the civilians in Jakarta. Since Jakarta is the Central of Indonesia and have the biggest population, we must care and protect each other because we are living in the same city. Many factors which cause damages in all areas, these problems are high level of pollution which makes the environment dirty and spread out some dangerous diseases. The next problem that sometime causes death is poverty because the poor people who cannot afford to buy some food are forced to starve to death, or maybe they couldnt get medication for their sickness. These problems interest me to observe and study about these things. I would like to help make Jakarta, a better place for the citizens of Jakarta itself. There are a lot of problems are happening here in Jakarta, like flood, poverty, etc. These problems create a bad image in the world; moreover the problems are caused by us. We cant deny that all these problems are difficult to solve. Everyone should work together, and to realize the urgent need them. The government should issue strict rules and regulations, and to fully bind them, so that it wont be easy to broke Poverty The Poverty rate in Jakarta is very high. Poor people scattered in many places. The number of the population in Jakarta is way too high compared to job vacancy or job opportunities. This lack of job vacancy causes unemployment to rise beyond prediction. The unemployment causes difficulty for the people to raise their living. Some of them are lazy to work, but the rest of them still want to work. The people who want to work, some of them dont have the chance because the problem in their education level. Maybe their parents dont have enough money to send them to school. This lack of education could cause many troubles. Starts from crime, some of them are depressed because they cant have a job, they might steal from the other, and furthermore they would kill the person to get money if it is necessary. But not all thieves are poor people and lowly educated person, but some are lazy and want to make money faster in the wrong way. These thieves wouldnt be tolerated in the society because these law breakers risk other peoples lives. These thieves become thief not because of their own will, some of them HAVE to be thief to live their life, they cannot think of any other way to get money in the right ways. They are too depressed and cant even think about it. Next its about beggar, too many beggar in Jakarta, they are countless. In each traffic light you will see them, and maybe you will get shocked because most of them live in the traffic sidewalk, not one, but the whole family live in there, can you imagine that? The worst thing in there is that there are some ungrateful parents send their son or daughter to be beggars. And there are people which collect the children by renting them and make the children work for them, being a beggar in the street. And if they cannot make money, these people who rent these children will give punishments to them. These punishments are harsh ones, such as slapping, punching, kicking, and even break their leg or hand in order to attract the sympathy of the people, so that these people would give money to them. However, whatever type of begging is not good, because people could find work if they really desire it. And the last is about people who are dying, they cannot get money for themselves, maybe some of them have to search foods in garbage dump, which possibly contains various kinds of diseases. They cannot buy medicine to recover themselves, once they are contaminated by these diseases. And they just wait about the death time. Some people are suffering and they died because of it. We know the government have started to find the solution and they have started to move. They have to make regulations about these problems in Jakarta, about people whose caught do crime will be send to the jail and must pay some value of money, about the beggar and place them in one place to take care of them, and about the children who dont have parents, those poor people too. The government should take care about them. The poverty in Jakarta is very easily noticed, those beggar in the street. They appear in nearly each and every sections of Jakarta. The fact that we are rich, but we cant protect whats rightfully ours. Like those islands claimed by the other nation, not to mention our sea territories, if only the government works harder, we wont have lost those territories. Our country is not supposed to side with the businessman, our nation fund the companies which as an equity already. When this occurs, a huge amount of money is spent for nothing, and some of them simply go to corruptors pocket. Our country is supposed to facilitate the poor-middle economic class society, so that they can live up, and improve their living Facilitating the poor-middle economy class society is a key to our success, if we could send these people to start a new life in those island which stolen already, the other nation wouldnt have disturb our complete nation. This solution can hardly be treated as a project, this solution is not meant to isolate the poor, but to give them chance of a new life. If the economy of Indonesia is strong, there is no doubt that we are secured and no other countries would dare to disturb us or to steal anything from us Corruption In the dictionary there are six definitions of Corruption. There are: Lack of integrity or honesty (especially susceptibility to bribery); use of a position of trust for dishonest gain in a state of progressive putrefaction Decay of matter (as by rot or oxidation) Moral perversion; impairment of virtue and moral principles Destroying someones (or some groups) honesty or loyalty; undermining moral integrity Inducement (as of a public official) by improper means (as bribery) to violate duty (as by committing a felony) The word corruption is fairly common here in Indonesia, particularly in the government of Indonesia. We can define Corruption as taking something from someone which doesnt belong to you. It is not exactly stealing; the difference is that Corruption is not always known or visible. The person who steals is called thief and who corrupts are called corruptor. The act of the thief like stole money from the bank, hijacking, etc. thats an open crime and we can see it. Its different from corruptor they not like thief. The acts are different. For example: their boss gives them $100 to deliver to the hospital. But they allocate or take some of them, for instance $10; maybe not all knows because they take the money hidden or invisible. Most of the person who are doing corruption that they have given the trust from their boss or the other so they can do things like that. In Jakarta the word Corruption is familiar to most of the people; they know that Corruptions happened everywhere, by everyone, in everything. For instance, you father give you 100.000 to buy one pair of shoes, and that shoes cost for 50.000. You must return 50.000 to your father but you just return 25.000 and you say that the cost of the shoes is 75.000 because you want spend the other 25.000 for the other things. That is the simple example of corruption which happened in here, for simple things, and for little amount of money. Those things happened in the government too. The differences are the size of the corruption with huge amount of money. Thats why KPK (Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi) is created. The KPK itself have their own problem. Sometimes they work very well, but sometimes not. I dont know why the people who do Corruption in the Government do Corruption. I thought they have good salary, but why they still do Corruption. Are their salaries not enough for them? I never see th e governmental people lack of money. Maybe this is because their nature. Human never satisfied of everything. They have got high salary, but they still want get money, in the wrong way. Why they dont think to invest their money to business, and whatever in the right way. The people in the government must concern about the society. The society chooses them to be government official. And they should work to help the society. But how if they still doing Corruption, that will make disadvantages for the society. They must change their own way of thinking. The connection between Corruption and the fifth Principle As we know, corrupt mean taking something which not belong to you and disadvantages the other people. The fifth principle (Social Justice in Indonesia) is against the corruption. Just say about the governmental corruptor. They take something that making disadvantages to the society. They took money which not belongs to them. They dont care about that. They just need money. That is against the fifth principle. There isnt justice in there. They can do that corruption because their job in the governmental, the missing their job. They have job in government so they got more chance to do corruption. It is not very good. They dont even thinking about the people who doesnt have anything. Cant afford food for them. I think the peoples who work in governmental is have education background and have studied about Pancasila, so they must know about that, about do corrupt is not good, but still they do corruption. How if they still like that? They not are being a good example for the society. They didnt want to improve the Indonesia. They dont care about that. Too selfish and just think about the ir own needs. Traffic Jam Next about Traffic Jam. Traffic jam happened in many places in Jakarta. Particularly in the morning, when the student and the worker go to their school and office. The traffic jam happened because too many private car in Jakarta. I think the government should take care about it, they must control it. They can look from the other countries. Making the tax of the Vehicle high. So less people will use private car. In our transportation system, the problem is not only too many cars, the problems are the maintenance of the traffic light, the government is very unconcerned about his problem, if one is broken, itll take more than a month for the government to deal with it. The traffic jam is not governments responsibility; its all of the civilians responsibility Pollution Next is about pollution, about air pollution. Many things that causes air pollution. Start from the factories, the waste disposal. The waste is smoke, black smoke. Next from the vehicle. Many cars in Jakarta are not use properly. I mean the Car is supposed to use just for 5 years but they use it more. And they car which not take care by the owners. They didnt change the oil, did not tune-up the car. That can cause air pollution. Those cars will produce black smokes The car producers dont concern about the environmental balance, they only concern income, interest, revenue, and anything connected with money, in short economic factor. We are not blaming the car producer; this case isnt problem for them. However the government should concern about this, by rising private car tax, so that the producer would reduce their productivity. There are two things we should do; the first thing is not to extent the licenses of old cars, because old cars used to make more pollution compared to the new ones. This method is going to be applied by the government. The second method which is to help the consumer to regenerate their cars is going to be done by the producer itself Dangerous Waste The household waste which is simply thrown to the river is a problem, however its not so dangerous compared to the factorys waste, if the factorys waste is thrown to the river, the river might be poisonous, same thing goes for the hospital waste. There are a lot of reports of these threatening waste, but the government remains immobile The waste from the hospital is most dangerous, because its from there the deadly viruses flow to the rivers, rivers in which poor people used for bath, drink, and to wash dishes and clothes. These waste supposed to be allocated in the right way, if this pollution keeps happening, it will kill more people. Disease Because pollution happened everywhere, there is a big chance that it will cause diseases, mainly breathing diseases, such as TBC, which is one of the most deadly diseases. This pollution also caused the pollution of the water, it can also infect the land, so that, the land will became dysfunctional. Global Warming Global Warming happens because of the dangerous smoke which is mainly produced by factory and vehicles, especially cars and motorcycles. These gases are more than capable to destruct the ozone layers. Moreover these gases can cause diseases, mostly breathing problem, like cough, or lung failure. The ozone layer is very important because it is protecting us from the ultraviolet ray produced by the sun. Which means the earth is getting warm each and every second. The warming of the earth affects the ices in both poles, they melt faster than predicted, which means the sea level will increase drastically, the whole world is going to drown. Less Planting This lack of green planting reduces the green areas in the city which is the heart of the city. Because plants inhale CO2, which is a polluted gas, in the afternoon, and exhales oxygen, which is the gas we are breathing with, in the night. These plants are also able to absorb water to prevent flood. Flood (No Respiration Area) Because we lack of plants and trees causes lack of respiration are, so when its raining, there is no respiration, if the rain is getting harder, it may causes flood, which inflict great damages and loss everywhere and in every sector Too Many Rubbish Rubbish is one of the biggest problems in Jakarta. There are not enough spaces for the overflowing rubbish. What is worse is that the citizen of Jakarta doesnt realize the importance to keep the environment clean. People simply throw their rubbish anywhere, anytime, which will mess everything up. We should educate our children not to litter everywhere they like, they should put the trash into the trash bin. Littering properly is a must, in order to prevent flood and unhealthy environment. Because the environment is dirty, diseases are likely to spread. We cant deny that the trash wasted by the citizen of Indonesia is too much, what makes it even messier is the insufficient space to gather the trash. In order to solve this space problem, we have two solutions; the first is to burn all the trash, or to recycle them. However several parties have wrongly used the term recycle to their own advantages. For example, they recycle safety rubber into a chopstick cover. This is of course an unh ealthy thing to do, the viruses and bacteria from the condom would spread. Government should help and supervise the process of recycling, so that no one would break the law, and corrupt the environment. Especially for those who unaware of the environment. Clean Water Clean Water citizen of DKI Jakarta, will continuing to need clean water, in order to fulfill the needs of drinking and cooking. The clean water which supplied by PAM Jaya is not enough because there are some problems; In the south of Jakarta still need clean water seller to supply to the citizen which lack of water to drink and to cook. In the rain times, my central city Jakarta and the other places seems to have much water. More if the flood came, the water seen in everywhere. The rivers full of water. But, there question about that: Can that water be consumed by the people; because, according to the experts, the water in the river or water from the flood had been contaminated many kinds of bacteria. Water of the river in the central city has been proved full of Koli bactery that came from feces. Millions people of Jakarta and near Jakarta daily have a bad behavior to throw the garbage or Pee and Poo in the rivers. There are thirteen rivers that come from the north of Jakarta bearing viruses, and many other dangerous substances. The river is wrongly used as a garbage dump. Conclusion The conclusion is we and all the people expect no one must make awareness for them to build and make a good behavior to not litter, etc. And be social and dont be too selfish to just care about yourselves. Because human is social creature that need the others to live and to fulfill the needs. Care about the others too. Care about yours environment. Care about your Country. Care about your City. Care about Jakarta.